Types of dental and oral diseases

Cavities. Cavities are also called caries or tooth decay. ...

Gum disease (gingivitis) Gum disease, also called gingivitis, is inflammation of the gums. ...

Periodontitis. ...

Cracked or broken teeth. ...

Sensitive teeth. ...

Oral cancer.


1) CAVITIES

Cavities are permanently damaged areas in the hard surface of your teeth that develop into tiny openings or holes. Cavities, also called tooth decay or caries.


Cavities are caused by a combination of factors:

  • Bacteria in your mouth, 
  • Frequent snacking,
  • Sipping sugary drinks 
  • Not cleaning your teeth well


Sign and Symptoms of Cavities;
The signs and symptoms of cavities vary, depending on their extent and location. When a cavity is just beginning, you may not have any symptoms at all. As the decay gets larger, it may cause signs and symptoms such as:

  • Toothache, spontaneous pain or pain that occurs without any apparent cause
  • Tooth sensitivity
  • Mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking something sweet, hot or cold
  • Visible holes or pits in your teeth
  • Brown, black or white staining on any surface of a tooth
  • Pain when you bite down


Diagnosis Of Cavities:
Tooth decay or cavities are detect by: Asking about tooth pain and sensitivity. Examining your mouth and teeth. Probing your teeth with dental instruments to check for soft areas.


Preventions:

Here's a list of few best home remedies to get rid of cavities.

Fluoride mouthwash

Fluoride is good for teeth and it helps restore the minerals in the teeth. Since demineralizing or lack of minerals are a cause of tooth decay, using fluoride mouthwash can be a great home remedy to get rid of cavities as well as tooth decay.

2. Clove

Clove can be the best ingredient to cure any oral health problem, including cavities. Due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, clove can alleviate pain and prevent cavity to spread.

3. Garlic

Besides being an incredible taste enhancer, garlic is also a health marvel. Eating raw garlic is also very beneficial for oral health. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties in it which works as a painkiller.

4. Clove Oil

You can also use clove powder meant for baking, but clove oil is more effective.

Steps

  1. Collect the supplies and ingredients you need.
  2. Squeeze a few drops of clove oil with 1 teaspoon of olive oil into your dish.
  3. Soak your swab or cotton ball with the clove oil.
  4. Gently swipe the swab or ball around the area that is bothering you. Or place the cotton ball over the area.
  5. Allow the oil sit for 5 to 10 minutes before it starts working.
  6. Reapply every 2 to 3 hours for relief.

5. Lemon

Lemons are rich in vitamin C; the acids present in lemon juice kill the germs and help in easing pain caused by the cavities. You need to keep a lemon in your mouth, chew it and then rinse your mouth with clean water.

6. Neem

We all know that in older times people used to brush their teeth with neem sticks instead of a toothbrush. Neem is definitely a very effective way to get healthier teeth. The fiber content in it keeps plaque away from your teeth. The technique is very simple, you just have to chew neem leaves and then immediately have to rinse your mouth with water. Neem remains the traditional solution to every medical condition in every household.

7. Turmeric

In Ayurveda, turmeric is often used to provide relief from cavities. It has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties which keep the gums healthy and prevent tooth decay. There are two ways to use turmeric. First, apply turmeric on the affected teeth for a few minutes and then rinse your mouth. Second, mix turmeric with mustard oil and massage with the mixture on the teeth and gums for 10 minutes.

8. Wheatgrass

Wheatgrass is a good source of vitamin A and E along with iron, calcium, and magnesium. It has antibacterial properties that prevent cavities and tooth decay. Drink a glass of wheatgrass juice or mix 1 part of wheatgrass juice with 6 parts of water and rinse the mouth with it or directly chew wheatgrass if infected.

 


Periodontitis:

Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health complications. Periodontitis (per-e-o-don-TIE-tis), also called gum disease, is a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and, without treatment, can destroy the bone that supports your teeth.

It's typically caused by poor brushing and flossing habits that allow plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden.



Sign and Symptoms of Periodontitis
Pus – Pus dripping through between the teeth is a conclusive sign that there is progressing periodontal infection. The pus is a consequence of the body attempting to combat bacterial infection.


Diagnosis of Periodontitis:

To determine whether you have periodontitis and how severe it is, your dentist may:

  • Review your medical history to identify any factors that could be contributing to your symptoms, such as smoking or taking certain medications that cause dry mouth.
  • Examine your mouth to look for plaque and tartar buildup and check for easy bleeding.
  • Measure the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and teeth by placing a dental probe beside your tooth beneath your gumline, usually at several sites throughout your mouth. In a healthy mouth, the pocket depth is usually between 1 and 3 millimeters (mm). Pockets deeper than 4 mm may indicate periodontitis. Pockets deeper than 5 mm cannot be cleaned well.
  • Take dental X-rays to check for bone loss in areas where your dentist observes deeper pocket depths.

Lifestyle and home remedies:

Try these measures to reduce or prevent periodontitis:

  • Brush your teeth twice a day or, better yet, after every meal or snack.
  • Use a soft toothbrush and replace it at least every three months.
  • Consider using an electric toothbrush, which may be more effective at removing plaque and tartar.
  • Floss daily.
  • Use a mouth rinse to help reduce plaque between your teeth, if recommended by your dentist.
  • Supplement brushing and flossing with an interdental cleaner, such as a dental pick, interdental brush or dental stick specially designed to clean between your teeth.
  • Get regular professional dental cleanings, on a schedule recommended by your dentist.
  • Don't smoke or chew tobacco.

Nonsurgical treatments:

If periodontitis isn't advanced, treatment may involve less invasive procedures, including:

  • Scaling. Scaling removes tartar and bacteria from your tooth surfaces and beneath your gums. It may be performed using instruments, a laser or an ultrasonic device.
  • Root planing. Root planing smooths the root surfaces, discouraging further buildup of tartar and bacteria, and removes bacterial byproducts that contribute to inflammation and delay healing or reattachment of the gum to the tooth surfaces.
  • Antibiotics. Topical or oral antibiotics can help control bacterial infection. Topical antibiotics can include antibiotic mouth rinses or insertion of gels containing antibiotics in the space between your teeth and gums or into pockets after deep cleaning. However, oral antibiotics may be necessary to completely eliminate infection-causing bacteria.

Surgical treatments

If you have advanced periodontitis, treatment may require dental surgery, such as:

  • Flap surgery (pocket reduction surgery). Your periodontist makes tiny incisions in your gum so that a section of gum tissue can be lifted back, exposing the roots for more effective scaling and root planing. Because periodontitis often causes bone loss, the underlying bone may be recontoured before the gum tissue is sutured back in place. After you heal, it's easier to clean these areas and maintain healthy gum tissue.
  • Soft tissue grafts. When you lose gum tissue, your gumline recedes. You may need to have some of the damaged soft tissue reinforced. This is usually done by removing a small amount of tissue from the roof of your mouth (palate) or using tissue from another donor source and attaching it to the affected site. This can help reduce further gum recession, cover exposed roots and give your teeth a more pleasing appearance.
  • Bone grafting. This procedure is performed when periodontitis has destroyed the bone surrounding your tooth root. The graft may be composed of small fragments of your own bone, or the bone may be synthetic or donated. The bone graft helps prevent tooth loss by holding your tooth in place. It also serves as a platform for the regrowth of natural bone.
  • Guided tissue regeneration. This allows the regrowth of bone that was destroyed by bacteria. In one approach, your dentist places a special piece of biocompatible fabric between existing bone and your tooth. The material prevents unwanted tissue from entering the healing area, allowing bone to grow back instead.
  • Tissue-stimulating proteins. Another technique involves applying a special gel to a diseased tooth root. This gel contains the same proteins found in developing tooth enamel and stimulates the growth of healthy bone and tissue.